THEORETICAL MATRIX Use Appendix A (attached) create a matrix theoretical change models. Include theoretical change models matrix. The matrix include model: • Name theoretical model • Description theoretical model 200 words • Description type change situation theoretical model applies 200 words.
Matrix of Theoretical Models
Theoretical Change Model
Description of Theoretical Model
(200 words each box)
Type of health care change situation where model best applies
(200 words each box)
Systems theory
Systems theory suggests that organizations are complex, adaptive systems greater than the sum of their parts. Organizations cannot always be logically analyzed in terms of their ability to accept or reject change. Organizational behavior is hard to predict. Systems are in dialogue with the environment, and changes in the environment can produce changes in the system but "some type of [exterior] energy is required" otherwise organizations grow static (Iles & Sutherland 2001). Also, "players within a system have a view of that system's function and purpose and players' views may be very different from each other" (Iles & Sutherland 2001). This can also complicate change, since managers' perspectives may be different than employees' perspectives.
The theory is flexible to some degree because it promotes two types of change. "Hard Systems promote a sequential, staged approach to change. The stages are numbered and the sequence provides the orderliness, characteristic to this methodology" (Iles & Sutherland 2001). When the need for change is agreed upon, this approach is acceptable. In contrast, Soft Systems approaches are used when there is a great deal of disagreement about how to deal with the change. Soft systems approaches are less sequential in nature and are highly dependent upon building consensus (Iles & Sutherland 2001). They are more appropriate when human-focused decisions are necessitated.
One of the most serious problems in healthcare today is that of recruitment and retention of new nurses, to address the nursing shortage. Many healthcare environments are severely understaffed, and understaffing is linked to nursing burnout and a spike in employee attrition. There are a number of complex environmental reasons that there is a nursing shortage. First and foremost, many nursing educational programs are understaffed,...
Also, many older nurses will be retiring in the next decades, and as they age out of the profession even more nurses will be needed. Understaffing creates a vicious cycle, in which new nurses are reluctant to stay in the profession, because they find themselves overburdened. Highly stressed older nurses take out their frustrations on younger nurses, compounding the problem of retention. Using a systems approach suggests dealing with the systematic problems that are at the heart of the nursing shortage. Creating a closer relationship between healthcare institutions and educational programs can enable young nurses to be mentored while they are still new students. This can also contribute to an environment where workplace bullying is reduced by improving emotional relationships between old and new nurses. This addresses some of the human-based problems and environmental problems causing the shortage.
2.Complexity theory
Complexity theory promotes a model of change which reflects the complex, dynamic nature of modern organizations. "In reality, change, especially large scale change, defies logical rules and simple management actions. Complexity theory and a view of organizations as 'complex adaptive systems', attempts to consider some of those realities and arguably provide a better model for change in an education setting" (Complexity theory, 2012, JISC Info Net). Organizations are complex because they are composed of both human and bureaucratic elements that defy logical predictive patterns. Some changes may be resisted by employees, others may not. Organizations are paradoxes, not straight, up-and-down hierarchies. "They are pulled towards stability by the forces of integration, maintenance controls, human desires for security and certainty and adaptation to the environment on the one hand. They are also pulled towards the opposite extreme of unstable equilibrium by the forces of division and decentralization, human desires for excitement and innovation and isolation from the environment" (Complexity theory, 2012, JISC Info Net). They consist of feedback loops that are non-linear and often based in emotions. There is also a push-pull element -- organizations need some structure to…
